Friday, August 28, 2020

Moral reasoning Essay

Moral thinking is individual or aggregate useful thinking about what, ethically, one should do. For present reason, we may comprehend issues about what is correct or off-base, highminded or horrendous, as bringing up moral issue. At the point when we are confronted with moral inquiries in every day life, similarly as when we are confronted with kid raising inquiries, here and there we act indiscreetly or naturally and now and then we respite to reason about what we should do. A lot of our thinking occurs through are position on an issue and how are standard impacts that issue. Thinking, so comprehended is a characteristically standardizing idea. A significant ramifications of this is any observational information that shows that we reliably think in a given odd manner about ethical quality can be taken in a couple of differentiating lights: it very well may be taken to show that, since ‘this is the thing that we do’ this is the way our ethical thinking is. On the other hand, it tends to be taken to show that, in the significant scope of cases, we neglect to think dependably, and henceforth neglect to take part in moral thinking. What's more, exact information doesn't settle this sort of standardi zing question for us. Accordingly does ethical quality require every individual to reason similarly, based on a similar central contemplations? In a thought world, individuals would make the best choice just on the grounds that it is correct. On the planet wherein we live, ethical quality is increasingly intricate. Individuals frequently differ about what is correct. In any event, when an agreement on virtues is reached, many find that they don't reliably satisfy an ethical norm. One explanation behind this is a great many people place a high incentive on their own government assistance. They may have moral goals and responsibilities, however worry about close to home prosperity is a ground-breaking propelling variable. It is more remarkable for some than it is for other people, however few can profess to be unconcerned with it. Any huge hole between the requests of morals and the asking of personal circumstance, barely characterized, makes impetus issues for people and for social orders wishing to keep up high moral measures. The issues emerge on two levels. At the main level are the immediate impetus issues or advantage and edginess. Issues of advantage emerge when people enthusiastically disregard moral standards so as to seek after open doors for private increase. I accept a case of this is, ‘George W Bush and the intrusion of Iraq’. The world was informed that Suddam Hussein had weapons of mass devastation, however right up 'til today their have been no weapons of mass demolition appeared to the world, rather George W Bush has gain reputation as the president that proceeded to spare the individuals of Iraq from a tyrant. While examining this further might it be able to be said that President Bush was worried about is obligation to secure the blameless individuals of Iraq or was it a chance to look at great without flinching of the world. What were the fundamental standards. The way that there should be the weapons of mass annihilation has now blurred in to lack of definition. Did he respect enticement. Or then again where there different standards at work. Also issues of franticness emerge when people abuse moral standards to evade misfortune or difficulty. Regardless of whether we award that the vast majority place some natural incentive on making the best choice from their perspective, in some cases the hazard or the allurement is simply excessively extraordinary. Time and again we are given proof from our day by day lives, from reports, and from scholarly exploration, that knowledgeable, evidently typical people can be enticed or compelled into trading off moral gauges. How at that point does this identify with the purported genuine world? Human instinct isn't straightforward or formally dressed, the vast majority are not narcissistic, individuals frequently care about others. Nagel states â€Å"there’s one general contention against harming others which can be given to anyone who gets English (or some other language), and which appears to show that he has some motivation to think about others, regardless of whether at long last his narrow minded thought processes are solid to such an extent that he continues rewarding others gravely anyway†. The vast majority have some kindhearted inspirations and moral responsibilities. People have compassion toward the torments of others and enjoy others’ prosperity. In any case, this consideration doesn't regularly reach out to the entirety of mankind, however just to a referent gathering (Hirschlieifer, 1982). The size and nature of that gathering fluctuates essentially from individual to individual. The consideration additionally fluctuates in power, contingent upon such things as the closeness of the relationshipâ with the other individual, notwithstanding this inactive consideration for other people; individuals care about how they influence others. They by and large would prefer not to cause hurt, and would like to cause delight or fulfillment. Taking everything into account if the vast majority have a considerate intention to make the best choice in the public eye and enjoy making society a more joyful spot this would need to imply that society would should be reliable in the manner it treats individuals. There would be no unprejudiced nature or objectivity, all thinking would be done from a top-down position. We would all at that point stroll around with cheerful faces making proper acquaintance with all we meet, there would be no battling any longer there would be no wars, there would be disciplines that is in all cases and not think about other factor into play. Luckily society isn't predictable in its good and moral everyday practice the way that as individual people we are guided in shifts circumstances by changes occasions that caused the circumstance, this turns into a base up thinking were we are thus guided by different decisions which lead us to continually rethinking our ethical ground. References Nagal, T., What Does It All Mean? An extremely short prologue to Philosophy: Oxford University Press, 1987 Hirschleifer, J., Evolutionary Models: Cooperation versus Conflict Strategies, JAI Press, Greenwich 1982

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Education as an economical issue

Training as an efficient issue MY POSITION: In the principal look, training is by all accounts a social issue, yet in my place of viewthere are numerous prudent issues that are covered up. Numerous guardians would prefer not to send theirchildren to class in light of some monetary issues. Either the two guardians work at the equivalent timethat they can't take their youngster to class and furthermore the transport school isn't accessible to the distancewhich they live.On the other hand, there might be numerous guardians who can't bear to purchase manysupplements which their kid needs in school. As I would see it there ought to be an administration help toall the guardians that have these issues. Kerry likewise concurs with me and affirms, Providingstudent advance advances for school kids is a moral issue (issues2000.org).DEMOCRATIC PARTY POSITION: Wesley Clark on Education asserts that training includesjob progressing for grown-ups (Sep 18). Increment educator preparing instructor pay (Jun 17).Education@Edunation Howard Dean on Education said that Bush's No Child Left Behind is an unfunded mandate(May 17). John Edwards on Education cites Two educational systems: one for the have's, one forhave-not's (Sep 4).Free first year of school for all ready to work for it (Jun 17). (issues2000.org)

Friday, August 21, 2020

Getting university degree through online courses Essay

Getting college degree through online courses - Essay Example They can get to taking in materials from anyplace and whenever they sign on to their college gateways. That implies guardians, experts, and wiped out understudies can go to their classes regardless of their day plans. The strategy additionally offers understudy enhancement. Understudies can connect as the online class is shy of terrorizing. Each understudy has a voice and the assorted thoughts add to understudy development. The understudies are likewise offered adequate time to think before they can remark. The web based learning technique, be that as it may, has raised different concerns. Understudies need up close and personal association with individual colleagues and educator. They experience separate from the study hall condition, yet colleges are excited about tending to the issue. Gathering talks and video-conferencing are a portion of the activities the colleges are utilizing to mitigate the issue. The online degrees additionally offer less directions and have no principles that control the program. Certifying bodies have, be that as it may, been set up to authorize and audit online establishments and educational plan. Web based learning has made some amazing progress and more advancements are still to come. Different backers and bodies are discovering approaches to manage the apparent weaknesses. Innovative progressions keep on including worth and points of interest that separation learning can offer to understudies. U.S. Branch of Education, 2010, Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning, U.S. Branch of Education

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Heres What I Know About Ielts Essay Introduction Samples

Here's What I Know About Ielts Essay Introduction Samples If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Ielts Essay Introduction Samples The more energetic younger managers will bring a fresh perspective leading to a dynamic company culture and at precisely the same time they'll embrace technology leading to a more efficient business approach. It will provide you with ideas and capacity to express yourself. If you practice enough, introductions will end up easy and you'll do them in only a couple of minutes. Keep in mind that it's not the length but the grade of the introduction that matters. In the event you're unsatisfied with the work you're able to find the job revised free of charge. We recommend you should not do that! All the reference items begin with the title of the information resource. Apparently, you can't write a great thesis statement if you don't have planned your essay outline first. A thesis statement is typically a sentence to supply a concise overview of the chief point or claim of your IELTS essays and follows the overall statement. It is very similar to the title. An excellent thesis statement will reveal the reader the way the essay is going to be structured. These IELTS sample essays are categorised in a manner that makes it simple for you to observe how certain essay question types ask you to give certain responses to be sure the question is completely answered. There are then more lessons on these pages for various kinds of essay and various questions, with a lot of ideas and strategies for achieving a high score. A great introduction ought to be simple. It is what makes people want to read your essay. Most importantly it will make sure that the message in your essay is simple to follow (one of the major criteria for higher level scores). This post will allow you to write much better introductions in your Task 2 IELTS essays and show the particular sentences I advise all my students to use while writing IELTS Writing Task 2 introductions. Take a look at our essay correction services. Examine the model essay and read the comments. There's more than 1 approach to compose an introduction. The introduction is the initial region of the essay the examiner will read and it'll give them a superior first impression of what things to expect in the remaining part of the essay. It must be exactly like that. It must connect with the rest of the essay. It tells the examiner which you have understood the question and will result in a very clear and coherent essay. There's an indented long quote inside this paragraph The previous sentence provides the response to the essay question. The previous sentence provides the solution to the essay question. The Do's and Don'ts of Ielts Essay Introduction Samples Learning from perfect case in point is not a poor system for language apprehension. So, by creating a plan ensure you answer all the questions! Yet another important point to keep in mind is you must not begin answering the question in the introduction. For more in depth guidance on every kind of question please visit the lessons below. Just be certain that you have arguments that support your stand. The conclusion does not have to be long. It should convey an overall idea about what is to follow. Explore either side of this argument and give your own opinion.

Friday, May 15, 2020

Research Paper - 958 Words

Research Paper Inclusion is a type of teaching that is being researched by many school districts across the country. It is the act of combining special education students in a regular classroom environment. Inclusion is a very controversial topic when it comes to the education of children, both regular and special education students. There are many beliefs in the welfare of all students and their ability to learn and function together. This belief has put a damper on school districts adopting the program of full inclusion. People feel that this will cause problems in the classroom for both general education and special education students. They feel that it will be a distraction for all students and that it will harm both their†¦show more content†¦The second article, â€Å"A Team-Based Junior High School Inclusion Program,† (1997) looks at a research study that was performed to determine the reactions of parents to the ideas of the inclusion program. The parents of 17 student s with learning disabilities and 1 with a behavior disorder were interviewed after their children were in the first year in the junior high inclusion program. For the majority, the parents felt that this was a positive program and believed that it should continue. They believed that being in a mainstream setting, the students had an increased self-esteem and a highly positive overall outcome. This research, done in central Utah, through grades 7, 8, and 9, believed that one approach to restructuring the regular education classroom for students with disabilities is to collaborate the ideas and practices of both the regular and special education teachers. This is a routine action that is focused on in the full inclusion program. The third article â€Å"Constructing Inclusion: lesson from critical, disability narratives,† (2000) focuses on the positive impacts that being in an inclusion classroom will have on students with autism and other disabilities. 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When one describes the research process it should contain;Read MoreResearch Critique Research Paper1710 Words   |  7 Pages Part B: Research Critique (60 marks) Article: Tuckett A Turner C 2016, ‘Do you use social media? A study into new nursing and midwifery graduates uptake of social media’, International Journal of Nursing Practice, no. 22, pp. 197–204, doi:10.1111/ijn.12411 Specific critique area Answer Explain the purpose of the study. Use the PICO or PICo format to identify the research question. (150 words) This study does not pose a clear research question, but makes a declarative question that identifies

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

I Have An Adequate Amount Of Maths Skills - 875 Words

I believe I have an adequate amount of maths skills and understandings that will be expanded on and improved throughout the course of this unit, to assist in everyday life, and to be able to teach it to primary school aged children. I have learnt all the basics of maths and can retract most from my memory when I need to, which is evident in the Maths Competency Test (MCT) score. I have the basic addition, subtraction, multiplication and division skills which do help me with percentages, averages and general everyday maths. The highest level of maths I completed was Unit 3AB in year 12 in 2014, and so I feel as though I knew most of the content we had covered that was outlined in the Unit 3AB Mathematics (A.J. Sadler, 2008) book, which realistically was two levels higher than the Year 9/10 questions we were given. My feelings and beliefs towards and about maths were certainly impacted by my experiences during my time at school. In my last year of schooling I did not enjoy my maths class, which overall came down to the teacher and her style of teaching, which made me look and feel negatively towards maths. In saying this though, throughout school I was always good at maths and enjoyed it. Hence my feelings towards primary school and ‘simple’ maths compared to high school maths. In saying this though, I do enjoy maths most of the time, but just with anything if it gets too hard and you aren’t being taught properly you start to not enjoy it which was the case with me. TheShow MoreRelatedHow Sleep Is Needed For Optimum Performance1352 Words   |  6 Pagesmy high school career, and as I walked the graduation line, two things kept ringing in my head, â€Å"No more waking at 5:00am, and I no longer have to catch the bus at 6:17am,† which made me really happy. Imagine how many high school students across the United States feel the same after high school or during twelfth grade. 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Method of Financing

Question: Critically discuss the various factors which you would consider in deciding upon the method of financing a new project. Answer: Introduction The sustainability in the business is dependent on the investment made in the different projects and the return generated on this investment. One of the most important resources that are required for the businesses is the financing of the businesses. Various options are available for entrepreneurs or the business owners to ensure the availability of adequate capital for the business. It is important to note that the financing of the projects is very critical and scarce resources that require proper planning and coordination. Banks and financial institutions frequently employ different appraisal techniques before sourcing any new project. Irrespective of the economic conditions the banks are approached for financial requirements. Thus it is very important to ensure the financial viability of the project. The essay discusses the various factors, which need to be considered in deciding upon the method of financing a new project. Based on the discussion of this factor it may not be a clear difference between the various aspects that have been discussed but it is certainly the basis of ensuring which financing method will be more suitable in comparison to others. Discussion and Analysis Maintaining suitable capital structure is the important aspect related to financing of the business. The business that have huge potential and optimistic forecast for the business opportunities has more financing opportunities in the form of debt. In order to ensure to select the suitable financing method various factors need to be considered in deciding upon the method of financing a new project. These have been discussed below Pros and Cons of financing methods The two broad categories of financing are equity and debt. There are several options, under these categories, that are available for financing. These include venture capitalists, which is a form of equity and borrowing from banks which is debts. The method of financing can be a combination of both. Each type offers certain benefits and also has limitations. The debt from banks results in additional expense for payment of interest on the other hand venture capitalists or any other method of infusion of equity may result in relinquishing control over the asset, operation or business itself. It is important that the balance is maintained between the two so that excessive interest expense does not impact the cash flow which will have an effect on the operations. On the other hand excessive dependency on equity in the form of venture capitalists or Initial Public Offering (IPO) can impact the decision making. Affordability and Control The affordability and control are associated with the employing of debt and equity. In case of debt affordability is impacted whereas the equity financing impacts the control over the business. These are associated with the limitations of equity and debt financing. The equity financing that has been discussed above is related to investors however the affordability might also be there as the investors might not be interested whereas the retained earnings may not be sufficient to fulfill the needs. Industrial Factors Certain industry or business sectors have huge variations in the profitability and the fund requirements. For example certain industries may be capital intensive in the start but generate higher cash in future. Further certain industries may be there which have huge differences in cash flows during different times of operations. In order to maintain the cash flows in such cases which have been discussed above may require huge cash inflows which may be fulfilled by employing debt. Another important factor is the tax rate or subsidies that may be provide. In case of high tax rate and the subsidies debt may be employed. This will reduce the taxes that will be applicable as a result of the interest expense. Last consideration is that the investors have huge expectation from the market but it is expected that the returns will be lower. Such aspects may support the increase in preference of debt rather than employing equity in the business. Financial Goals and Risk Tolerance The financial goals and the risk tolerance capacity of the firms need to be studied. In case the owners prefer to retain the control and in doing so ensures that the share in the business is not diluted. In such cases, wherein the loans are taken, the personal risk in the business is increased. On the other hand the equity financing ensures that the risk in the business is shared by all the equity holders. Thus in case the risk tolerance of the owners is high, the equity employed will be higher than the debt is employed in the business. Considering the financial goals of the business, it is closely related to the risk tolerance of the business. The owners interest in higher returns would like to have huge operations to be there would employ more capital. In such cases debt may be employed. The businesses where the owners have high risk tolerance will be those that expect higher returns which can be ensured by employing more capital. Such capital needs are funded by the loans from the financial institutions. In case the risk tolerance is lower the financial goals will not be too high and thus the sharing of returns with other equity holders will not be an issue. The businesses that target high market share may also employ debt to increase the operations and as a result the sales. Other Factors The other factors include certain aspects that are specific to the type of financing method, future growth aspects, purpose and role of management. The factors that need to be considered specific to the financing method that are central to the debt financing are the interest rates and the repayment terms. It may be the case that debt is important to be raised in order to fulfill the capital requirements but the industrial conditions and the business or company related conditions increase the risk in the business and as a result of it the interest rates are increased and the repayment terms made a bit stringent. The future growth prospects of the business also influence the financing needs of the business. The future prospects may require the additional funding to sustain in the market. The purpose for which the company requires funds also influence the method of financing. In case it is required for investment or the capital expenditure. In such cases the company might consider short term debt options for capital expenditure or long term debt options for investment. In case equity financing is retained earnings may be considered for short term requirement whereas venture capitalist can be considered for long term requirements. Lastly the role of management is quite important as it highly influences the decision taken by the company on the financing mode. The management that is aggressive is inclined towards debt financing whereas the conservative approach of the management does not prefer debt financing. The aggressive management expects high profitability and low impact of debt on the profitability. In case of conservative approach it is believed that the profitability will be highly impacted and such expenses can be reduced by employing equity. Conclusion The complete discussion on the factors that need to be considered while deciding upon the method of financing for the new projects has been conducted. The above discussion clearly highlights how the source of funds may not impact the capital structure but also impact several aspects such as profitability, control and the returns. The role played by the various factors in the method of financing that is selected is quite interrelated. For example, as discussed above, the businesses where the owners have high risk tolerance will be those that expect higher returns which can be ensured by employing more capital. Such capital needs are funded by the loans from the financial institutions. Both risk tolerance and the financial goals are associated with the role of management. Thus overall the major factor that controls the financing decision is the management viewpoint. Certainly the other factors such as market conditions, industry conditions and the economic factors do impact the profitability but overall the management decision has the major influence. Government also does play a role and the implication of tax and subsidies does impact the financial decisions to a certain extent. Lastly the purpose of the funding has been discussed and elaborated wherein it has been mentioned that in case it is required for investment or the capital expenditure both debt and equity can be employed. In such cases the company might consider short term debt options for capital expenditure or long term debt options for investment. In case equity financing is retained earnings may be considered for short term requirement whereas venture capitalist can be considered for long term requirements. Thus overall the management role is central to the financing decision in case of new projects and the influence of both debt and equity need to be studied. After careful assessment of all the factors that have been discussed above the method of financing for the new projects need to be considered. References Brigham, E. Ehrhardt, M. (2007). Financial Management: Theory Practice. Cengage Learning. Business Economics. Jacoby, N.H. Weston, J.F. (1952). Factors Influencing Managerial Decisions in Determining Forms of Business Financing: An Exploratory Study. Conference on Research in Business Finance. Available At: https://www.nber.org/chapters/c4788.pdf. Brigham, E. Houston, J. (2015). Fundamentals of Financial Management. Cengage Learning. Business Economics.

Tuesday, April 14, 2020

Depression Essays (570 words) - Depression, Psychiatric Diagnosis

Depression Depression is a psychiatric disorder characterized by feelings of worthlessness, guilt, sadness, helplessness, and hopelessness. It is different then normal sadness or grief from the loss of a loved one because it is persistent and severe. Clinical depression has many related symptoms trouble sleeping, eating disorders, withdrawal and inactivity, self-punishment, and loss of pleasure. People that are depressed do not like to do things they may usually like to. Surveys that have been taken that show approximately 20 in 100 people suffer from depression at any one time. About one if four Americans will suffer from a depression over the course of their lifetime. Depression strikes men and women of all ages, in all races, but most studies indicate that women are more often afflicted. There are two major forms of depression that people get. One form is called depressive disorder. It is diagnosed only by episodes of depression. Episodes can be short or long but are usually brought about by an incident in a persons life. An example of this is if someone close to them dies. The other kind is called bipolar or manic depressive illness, it is recognized by alternating depressed and manic episodes. This is an actual brain dysfunction. In the major depression or the depressed phase of bipolar illness, a depressed mood predominates, even though the patient may not be aware of feeling sad. Typically, he or she loses all interest in activities. Symptoms include sleep disturbances, not able to concentrate or to make decisions, loss of appetite or greatly increased appetite, slowed thinking and decreased energy feelings of worthlessness, guilt, hopelessness, diminished sexual interest, and recurrent thoughts of suicide and death, sometimes leading a person to actually committing suicide. In the manic phase of bipolar disorder the patients behavior is bizarre and sometimes obnoxious. Symptoms of this are the person being hyper and have lots of energy, they talk a lot, racing thoughts, and a decreased need for sleep. In this stage it is very hard to recognize. Both depressive and bipolar disorders run in families. Meaning if your father or mother had it you have a high chance of getting it yourself. Most people who are depressed are women. They may be biologically induced depression. Meaning that there is a lack of or too much of a chemical or protein. Or it may be that women learn social roles that favor feelings of helplessness. Because women in trouble are more likely to seek professional assistance than men, statistics report that more people who are depressed are mostly women. The depressive disorders are among the most treatable in psychiatry. The usual treatment in modern practice involves administration of a drug plus supportive psychotherapy. Basically going to a psychiatrist and talking to them. The two major drugs that are used to treat depressive disorders are tricyclic/tetracyclic antidepressants and the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. The last one requires the patient to follow a special diet because the drugs react to tryamine. Tryamine is found in cheeses, beer, wine, chicken livers, and other foods, and causes higher blood pressure. The tricyclic antidepressants require no special diet. Lithium carbonate is a common mineral that is used to control the manic phase of manic-depressive illness. In small doses it is also used to regulate the mood fluctuations of this bipolar disorder. I also found a little amount on something called electroconvulsive therapy, or ECT, is considered most effective for depressions that do not respond to drug therapy. ECT is not widely used and is very controversial. It brings rapid relief from severe depression and can often prevent suicide. But it did not tell me how it works.

Thursday, March 12, 2020

Profile of Serial Killer Velma Barfield

Profile of Serial Killer Velma Barfield Velma Barfield was a 52-year-old grandmother and serial poisoner who used arsenic as her weapon. She was also the first woman executed after the death penalty was reinstituted in 1976 in North Carolina and the first woman to die by lethal injection. Velma Margie Barfield - Her Childhood Velma Margie (Bullard) Barfield was born on October 23, 1932, in rural South Carolina. She was the second oldest child of nine and oldest daughter to Murphy and Lillie Bullard. Murphy was a small tobacco and cotton farmer. Soon after Velmas birth, the family had to give up the farm and move in with Murphys parents in Fayetteville. Murphys father and mother died not long afterward and the family remained in Murphys parents house. Murphy and Lillie Bullard Murphy Bullard was a strict disciplinarian. Homemaker Lillie was submissive and did not interfere with how he treated their nine children. Velma did not inherit her mothers same submissive ways which resulted in several severe strap beatings by her father. In 1939 when she began attending school, she found some reprieve from being inside her cramped, volatile home. Velma also proved to be a bright, attentive student but socially rejected by her peers because of her impoverished style. Velma began stealing after feeling poor and inadequate around the other kids at school. She began by stealing coins from her father and was later caught stealing money from an elderly neighbor. Velmas punishment was severe and temporarily cured her from stealing. Her time was also more supervised and she was told she had to help with taking care of her sisters and brothers. A Skilled Manipulator By the age of 10, Velma learned how to control talking back to her stern father. She also became a decent baseball player and played on a team her father organized. Enjoying her favorite daughter status, Velma learned how to manipulate her father to get what she wanted. Later in life, she accused her father of molesting her as a child, although her family strongly denied her charges. Velma and Thomas Burke Around the time Velma entered high school her father took a job in a textile factory and the family moved to Red Springs, SC. Her grades were poor but she proved to be a good basketball player. She also had a boyfriend, Thomas Burke, who was a year ahead of her in school. Velma and Thomas dated under the strict curfews set by Velmas father. At age 17, Velma and Burke decided to quit school and marry, over the strong objections of Murphy Bullard. In December 1951, Velma gave birth to a son, Ronald Thomas. By September 1953, she gave birth to their second child, a girl they named Kim. Velma, a stay-at-home mom, loved the time she spent with her children. Thomas Burke worked at different jobs and although they were poor, they had the basic comforts. Velma was also dedicated to teaching her children solid Christian values. The young, poor Burke family was admired by friends and family for their good parenting skills. A Model Mother Velma Burkes enthusiasm for being an involved mother continued when the children began school. She participated in school-sponsored events, volunteered to chaperone school trips, and enjoyed driving children to various school functions. However, even with her participation, she felt emptiness while her children were at school. To help fill the void she decided to return to work. With the extra income, the family was able to move into a better home in Parkton, South Carolina. In 1963, Velma had a hysterectomy. The surgery was successful physically but mentally and emotionally Velma changed. She suffered severe mood swings and temper tantrums. She worried she was less desirable and womanly since she could no longer have children. When Thomas joined the Jaycees, Velmas resentment soared because of his outside activities. Their problems intensified when she discovered he was drinking with his friends after the meetings, something he knew she was against. Booze and Drugs: In 1965, Thomas was in a car accident and had a concussion. From that point on he suffered severe headaches and his drinking increased as a  way to deal with his pain. The Burke household became explosive with endless arguments. Velma, consumed with stress, was hospitalized and treated with sedatives and vitamins. Once home, she gradually increased her prescription drug use and went to different doctors to get multiple prescriptions of Valium to feed her growing addiction. Thomas Burke - Death Number One Thomas, displaying alcoholic behavior, pushed the family deeper into dysfunctional madness. One day while the kids were at school, Velma went to the laundromat and returned to find her house on fire and Thomas dead from smoke inhalation. Velmas suffering appeared short-lived although her misfortune continued. A few months after Thomas died another fire broke out, this time destroying the home. Velma and her children fled to Velmas parents and waited for the insurance check. Jenning Barfield - Death Number Two Jenning Barfield was a widower suffering from diabetes, emphysema, and heart disease. Velma and Jennings met soon after Thomas died. In August 1970, the two married but the marriage dissolved as quickly as it began because of Velmas drug use. Barfield died of heart failure before the two could divorce. Velma seemed inconsolable. Twice a widow, her son off in the military, her father diagnosed with lung cancer and beyond belief, her home, for a third time, caught on fire. Velma returned to her parents home. Her father died of lung cancer shortly afterward. Velma and her mother constantly quarreled. Velma found Lillie too demanding and Lillie did not like Velmas drug use. During the summer of 1974, Lillie was hospitalized because of a severe stomach virus. The doctors were unable to diagnose her problem, but she recovered within a few days and returned home. Source: Death Sentence: The True Story of Velma Barfields Life, Crimes, and Punishment by Jerry BledsoeThe Encyclopedia of Serial Killers By Michael NewtonWomen Who Kill by Ann Jones

Monday, February 24, 2020

Unit 5 Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 5 Discussion Board - Essay Example : Public policy students have identified five dimensions of the policy process in U.S, healthcare: (1) the relationship of government to the Private sector; (2) the distribution of authority within the federal system; (3) pluralistic ideology as the basis of politics; (4) the relationship between policy formulation and administrative implementation; and (5) incrementalism as a strategy of reform. Answer: There are several components that comprise medical ethics of which three are considered cardinal: (1) autonomy (the concern with privacy; individual liberty, freedom of choice, and self-control); beneficence (for example, doing no harm, promoting the welfare of others, and doing good); and (3) justice (for example, equality of opportunity, equity, and access, as well as equity of benefits). Answer: The following attributes are desirable in clinical practice guidelines: (1) the purpose should be clearly expressed; (2) the content should be frequently reviewed and updated; (3) they should be flexible enough to account for the nuances of clinical medicine; (4) they should be easy to follow; (5) they should be applicable across geography and settings; and (6) they should be demonstrably linked to positive patient outcomes In a review of 585 hospitals in Great Britain in 1983, Donovon highlighting lack of pain assessments as healthcare professionals had not even enquired about patients’ pain. (Dr. Schofield. P., 2003). Pain relief today is viewed as a fundamental human right; in a landmark case in the United States, the court ruled $15 million in favour of the relatives of a man with prostrate cancer, who reportedly died in pain. The medical professional should understand these sensitivities while managing pain in a multi-ethnic populace. The definition and reactions to pain are often affected by cultural background of patients (Needham.J, 2004). While nurses may not be deliberately opting to providing lowered care to any group, understanding ethnic biological

Saturday, February 8, 2020

Successful Aging Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Successful Aging - Term Paper Example However, there is a positive side to growing old, or aging. As people age, particularly adults, they decline in mobility, cognition and senses at paces that vary from person to person, thus, to ensure that people age successfully, there is a need to reduce the rate of decline or even curb it completely. This is to ensure that they do not become functionless and maintain their independence from second and third party caretakers (Tyrer et al, 2). Mobility issues are common in aging people because they lose balance and suffer reduced functionality in basic of tasks such as locking and unlocking doors. As a result, they become more prone to risks of falling and common mobility accidents. These falls often lead to death as they rank high among the most common causes of death for elderly people (Tyrer et al, 2). In addition, cognitive processes suffer impairment in regard to recalling instructions and following complex ideas, as well as solving problems. However, to overcome all these challenges, various measures exist to ensure that people grow old gracefully. Successful aging is known to be associated with one’s religious beliefs, social relationships, perceived health, self-efficacy, socio-economic status and coping skills (Galligan 1). Having religious beliefs and participating actively in religious activities is one of the ways to age successfully. This is because religiosity in the aging process allows the elderly to cope better as compared to nonreligious ones. In the process, it aids in overcoming emotional and physical problems through which the elderly may be experiencing (Galligan 1). Moreover, active participation in religious issues prevents most manners of depression as it puts people of similar interests in a position to share ideas and problems. As a result, it eradicates feelings of hopelessness due to the reality of age dawning on them. Moreover, this religiosity promotes the development of positive emotions , which, in

Wednesday, January 29, 2020

The long term effects of playing football Essay Example for Free

The long term effects of playing football Essay When people think about football they think its glitz, glamour, and a life of amazement because youre doing what you want and youre getting paid for it. Though that is part of football there are more parts to it that people dont really think about too much. There are three points of football that come from playing the game and they are the rich, glitzy, famous part. The part that travels to away games and has long practices that keep you away from your family. Then there is the anguish and stress factor, which is probably the biggest effect. One obvious positive that comes from playing the game of football is all the perks that come with it. As a kid there are dreams of doing something like this and then it comes true; that alone is amazing. You get paid an incredible amount of money that you really did not need to get an education for. People know and love personalities that play football and its even better if you are a well-known star. Restaurants invite you in to eat for free and clothing companies give you their merchandise in exchange for publicity. This would really seem like it is the life. Then there is the traveling aspect of this deal that is made where in a way a life is signed away. A team is competing to be the best in their sport and there are many sacrifices that have to be made in order to achieve that goal. There will be grueling practices up to 6 days a week and the day that you are not practicing you are doing your job, playing a game. That you have to travel to play away games will leave you homesick. That training with this team will take up most of your day a family could be dismantled. All this being away from family and loved ones can really take a toll on a personal life. A good effect that comes from traveling is seeing new places. Putting yourself in new environments keeps you well rounded. The last and I think most crucial effect that comes from football is the stress and anguish. That football is such a pressure game it could cause many psychological problems. Worrying about so many different things at once can cause you to stress out. For example you have to remember over 100 plays and if you start forgetting or messing them up the coach can pull you out for a couple plays or even the game. Also intermitting itself in this is the  I have to better than him motive, which means the thoughts of taking performance enhancing drugs. Taking these drugs can cause major thought and anguish in the long run. If the decision is made to take them then if caught you will be all over the news and fined which will tarnish peoples respect for you. In conclusion there are many effects that come from playing the game of football and all of them are not good as implicated in this essay. Whether it is the glamour, the traveling, and the stress. Fortunately this essay focuses more on the harder aspects so if you do want to get into pro football there are a lot more things waiting for you.

Tuesday, January 21, 2020

Depression in Hopkins Sonnets of Desolation Essay -- Sonnet essays

Depression in Hopkins' Sonnets of Desolation  Ã‚        Ã‚   Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-1889) was, first and foremost, a man of the cloth. He seems to have set his gifts in musical composition, drawing, and poetry at a distant second to his ecclesiastical duties for most of his life, causing him to experience terrible bouts of depression. Hopkins poured out this depression in what are known as the Sonnets of Desolation, including "I wake and feel the fell of dark, not day," "Not, I'll carrion comfort, Despair, not feast on thee," and "No Worst, there is none. Pitched past pitch of grief." In his 1970 essay entitled "The Dark Night of the Soul," Paul L. Mariani tells us that "while [Hopkins' friend Robert] Bridges thought that Carrion Comfort was probably the sonnet Hopkins told him in May was written in blood," No worst, there is none was probably meant" (59). "No Worst" seems to be set rather firmly in the lowest valley of that depression, and the cumulative effect of unrealized professional goals, political visions, and artistic sk ills contributed to its construction. The very finality of the phrasing Hopkins chose to open the sonnet with brook no argument; things can get no worse.       Part of this despair sprung from Hopkins' abstinence from writing. He was a Jesuit who converted to Catholicism in 1866. Due to his religious beliefs, he attempted to deny his talents; he felt that the level of pleasure he derived through poetic expression approached the sinful and "burned his youthful verses, determining 'to write no more, as not belonging to my profession'" (Britannica 1). Yet Hopkins seems to have been drawn uncontrollably to poetry. By 1875 he had begun to write again; stirred by the death of five nuns who drowned ... ...iterature, History, and Culture in the Age of Victoria (Brown University's Context 61). Ed. George P. Landow. 1995 http://landow.stg.brown.edu/victorian/hopkins/hopkins12.html Mariani, Paul. "The Dark Night of the Soul." Originally appearing in A Commentary on the Complete Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins. Cornell University Press, 1970. From Modern Critical Views: Gerard Manley Hopkins, Harold Bloom, ed. Chelsea House Publishers, New York. 1986. Hopkins, Gerard Manley. "No Worst, There is None," "I Wake and Feel the Fell of Dark," and "My own heart let me more have pity on" 1918. London: Humphrey Milford, 1918. New York, Bartleby Online Oct. 1999. http://www.bartleby.com/122/45.html Reid, John Cowie. "Hopkins, Gerard Manley," Encyclopedia Britannica Online. (c) 1999- 2001 Britannica.com Inc. http://www.britannica.com/ed/article?idxref=503256      

Monday, January 13, 2020

Education Policies

Education is so important in any given society. For this reason, it forms a major part of any government’s plans. The plans that any government wishes to implement as regards their education system is determined by existing policies. Factors which influence formulation of policies form the subject of this discussion. For orderly presentation, the essay is divided into three chapters namely the introduction, the main body and conclusion.The introduction gives definitions of key terms used in the essay as well as conceptual frame work, the main body outlines and discusses major factors which influenced education policies in African countries after achieving their independence and lastly the conclusion draws a summary of the essay. 1. 1 Statement of essay purpose This essay aims at discussing the factors which influenced education policies in African countries after their achievement of independence.The essay will outline these factors and later give a detailed discussion of each factor. 1. 2 Definitions of terms In order to make this discussion meaningful, it is imperative that definitions of key terms that are involved are done. The key terms involved in the discussion are education, policy and independence. The definitions of the terms are as given below EducationAccording to the United Nations Education, Scientific and Culture Organisation (1975:1), education is defined as â€Å"organised and sustained communication designed to bring about learning† Thus education in this context involves a lifelong process by which an individual is incorporated into the group and made capable of behaving in the ways expected by the society for an individual of a particular age, sex or status. Education can take place formally, non formally and informally. However, in this context the emphasis is on formal education. PolicyA policy is defined as a deliberate plan of action which is put in place to guide decisions and achieve intended outcomes. Policies differ fro m rules or laws. Rules or laws are established to compel or prohibit certain behaviours while policies guide actions towards desired goals. This discussion, however, focuses on education policies. Bartlett and Burton (2012:134), define an education policy as the â€Å"rafts of laws and initiatives that determine the shape and functioning of educational systems at both national and local levels. Therefore, education policies give direction to the functioning of an education system.Independence This is defined as the freedom from being governed or ruled by another country. African countries in this discussion acquired the freedom to rule themselves from colonial mast 1. 3 Conceptual Framework Blackmore (1999), states that there are three models of policy making namely popular participation, decree and delegation models. This discussion will refer to these three models in outlining and discussing the factors which influenced education policies in African countries after achieving thei r independence. These models are discussed in detail below. (a) Popular Participation Policy making model(b) In this model, everybody is given an opportunity to contribute to the formulation of policies. People in African countries were given opportunities to make suggestions on changes to make to the education system. For example, Zambia’s educational reforms of 1977. (c) Decree Policy Making Model In this model, the head of state makes pronouncements on the direction to be followed in a given education system. (d) Delegation Policy Making Model This involves appointing a commission to review the education system of a given country. For example the Onide Commission was appointed to review the education system of Kenya in 1963.Policies are made with respect to the findings of the commission. CHAPTER TWO 2. 0 Main Body This chapter outlines and discusses the major factors that influenced education policies in African countries after achieving independence. These factors are as given and discussed below. Education for Economic Development The consideration given to education as an important vehicle for economic development is one of the factors which influenced education policies in African countries after achieving independence. Investment in formal education was considered as an essential precondition for economic growth.African countries learnt lessons from developed countries that a high basic platform of education was a catalyst to rapid economic development. There was a belief among developing countries that the modernisation, industrialisation and wealth of developed countries were the direct consequence of their educational systems. Coombs (1970) argues that during the 1960s education in developing countries was regarded as a sort of intellectual yeast which would ferment and transform pre industrial societies by promoting knowledge, skills and attitudes which were favourable to economic and social development.Therefore, education policies in Afri can countries after the achievement of independence were directed at promoting education pro vision expansion in order to achieve meaningful development. In fact an argument is advanced by Anderson (1965), that analysis of evidence from major developed countries such as Britain, France, United States of America and Russia that in general terms, a thresh hold male literacy rate of 40 percent was required before there be any significant take off of economic development.To this end, African countries directed their policies on education after attaining independence towards increased access to education in order to reach the required thresh hold of literacy. Therefore, in the 1950s and 1960s, demand and plans for investment in formal education by African countries increased. Education was regarded to be a principal weapon in achieving economic growth. To this end rapid quantitative expansion of the education system became the order of the day in newly independent African countries. Man power ShortagesAfter attaining independence, African countries were confronted with shortage of manpower in various sectors of the economy. As a result of this scenario, they experienced economic stagnation. Man power shortages were heavily felt in technical and managerial fields. Thus, education policies in most African countries were directed towards resolving the man power shortages experienced. This situation was evident from what obtained in Kenya. As Eshiwani (1993:26), observes ‘’at independence in 1963, Kenya found herself with a high shortage of skilled manpower to run the economy.In order to solve this problem, a commission was appointed to advise the government on the formulation and interpretation of national educational policies. † Therefore, it can be stated that man power planning in newly independent countries of Africa gave a direction to the formulation of education policies. Consequently, the governments of newly independent countries of Africa saw it paramount to expand the education systems of their countries in order to produce more graduates from the education system that would fill the manpower gaps which were experienced in various sectors of the economy.Most technical and managerial jobs at independence in most African countries were occupied by foreigners. Therefore, the aim of most African governments was to decolonise the education systems, produce more output from secondary and higher education so that manpower to participate in national development could be realised. Fafunwa (1974), Contends that education development in African countries like Nigeria was treated as a national emergency for the reason of curbing manpower shortages in crucial areas of the economy.In order to meet the requirements of manpower in various sectors of the economy, the policies of African countries after independence were directed at increasing school enrolments, especially at the post primary level. Rapid expansion of secondary and h igher education was considered as a pre requisite for sustainable economic growth. Enhancing education as a basic human right Newly independent African countries were confronted with a task of providing to every child their basic, essential right to education.The kind education that was to be provided was supposed to be relevant to the child in his or her African setting. For this reason, most newly African countries had massive capital and recurrent budgets towards the financing of primary education for all. The provision of education especially at elementary level to citizens of newly independent African countries was prompted by the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights in which education is enshrined as a basic human right. As Bishop (1989:1), postulates, â€Å"Everyone has the right to education.Education shall be free at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally a vailable and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. †Therefore, from the foregoing, newly independent African countries were compelled to provide education especially primary education on the grounds of human justice and equity. The newly independent African countries were supposed to consider primary education as the birth right of every child.This was due to the fact that education was seen as an effective way to give all children regardless of sex or family background an equal start in life. Furthermore, the leadership of newly independent African countries considered education to be the great equaliser that would help to narrow the wide disparities which were apparent in conditions of living in rural and urban communities. Before the attainment of independence, education in most African countries was a preserve for the elite.In order to correct this, African leaders made radical changes to their education systems to make them more accomm odative to everyone. As Carmody (1994:23), contends â€Å"As in most African countries, from the early days Africa’s leaders viewed education as a powerful, often the most powerful vehicle for social transformation. Thus, as the UNIP government assumed power, among its immediate priorities were the elimination of racial segregation in schools and expansion of education provision. Tuition and boarding fees were abolished.† A point was also made by Bishop (1989), which in the days of the 1950s and 1960s massive expansion of education provision was regarded as the best means available for rooting out old prejudices and socio economic injustices. Therefore, education was regarded as basic human right which everyone needed to enjoy as provided in the foregoing arguments. In the pursuit of providing universal primary education, newly African countries set for themselves benchmarks. For example, the Addis Ababa conference on the development of education in Africa held in 1961 recommended that primary education was to be universal, compulsory and free by 1980.The conference further recommended that secondary education was to be provided to 30 percent of the children who completed primary school. Similarly, the conference of Arab states which met in Tripoli in 1966 also set 1980 as the target date for achieving universal primary education. To this end, it can be argued that one of the factors that influenced the formulation of education policies of African countries after achieving independence was related to the consideration that education was a basic human right which every citizen of a given country was supposed to enjoy.Hence, massive investment in the provision of education was undertaken by African countries after attaining independence in order to promote the achievement of universal primary education. As Court and Kinyanjui (1978:14), comment on the provision of Universal Primary Education in Tanzania. â€Å"President Nyerere had the choice of e xpanding the number of classes at grades V to VII so that those children entering primary education received seven years of schooling instead of four†.It can be concluded from the foregoing statement that the decision was arrived at because it enabled finances to be spent on the provision of 7 years of education to one child which helped him or her to become a useful member of society. African countries aimed at improving the access to education by increasing the number of school places which was facilitated by expanding already existing schools as well as construction of new schools in different parts of their countries. Promotion of ModernisationAfrican countries formulated their education policies with respect to the purpose of attaining modernisation. In order to influence modernisation in their countries, there was massive investment in education. This was a result of the belief that schooling would assist in the inculcation of modern ideas and attitudes. Bishop (1989), p ostulate that evidence seemed to indicate that schooling influenced the development of modern traits and ideas. To this end, schooling had some impact on modernisation. This was manifestated in higher levels of modernity among urban people and lower modernity among rural people.Consequently, many African leaders in newly independent countries felt modernisation of attitudes and behaviours was an important pre requisite for their countries’ development. According to Carmody (1994), education should socialise a nation’s population into modern values, attitudes and personalities. For this reason there was more emphasis on the expansion of education systems in newly independent African countries in order to enhance the access levels. Increased access to education meant increased modernity levels within a given country.In studies which were conducted be Inkeles and Smith (1974), indicate that education was the single most variable for modernisation. The studies indicate tha t each year of schooling improved a person’s score on their modernity scale by about 2 points. Education was also very effective in the development of positive attitudes and values. For this reason, formulation of education policies in newly independent African countries was influenced by the idea of modernisation. Modernisation was to be attained by every citizen in the newly independent African countries through education.Ensuring Citizens’ Political Participation The citizens’ participation in political affairs of their countries could be seen as one of the major factors which influenced education policies in African countries after achieving independence. Political participation of citizens of a particular country was linked to the notion of modernisation. This was due to the fact that knowledge was regarded as power. For this reason, many political leaders of African drafted educational policies which were responsive to the promotion of political participat ion of citizens in nation matters.This was highly evident in the content of education which was offered to the citizens . Again this could only be realised through the wide spread of education in African countries which most leaders promoted through the expansion of the education system. Cowan (1965), stressed that any political principle which governed education policy in independent African countries was supposed to regard as a top priority the provision of an education that would establish the most vigorous form of self government and independence.Therefore, extending schooling to a larger population would make more people politically and socially conscious and more active in the process of nation building. Thus, if equal political rights were to be enjoyed by everyone then everyone ought to have at least an adequate primary school education to participate more fully in the political process of their country. Promotion of Social Equality and Removal of Divisions The attainment of social equality is among the major factors which influenced education policies in African countries after achieving independence.Education was regarded as an instrument of social equality which was critical in the upbringing of social responsibility. Therefore, education policies which were put in place by African countries after attainment of independence were directed towards the promotion of social equality within their countries. Consequently, more and more school places were created in most parts of African countries to bring about the issue of equality within their countries in the provision of education services.Equality in the provision of education was called for as it ensured that child was provided with varied and challenging opportunities for collective activities and corporate social services. Furthermore, Eshiwani (1993), points out that the promotion of social equality in the formulation of education policies in African countries after achieving independence helped y oung people to acquire positive attitudes of mutual respect which enabled them to live together in harmony and to make a positive contribution to the national life.This contribution to national life was not supposed to be extended to every part of the country, hence the need of social equality in the provision of education. Respect and Development of Cultural Heritage The formulation of education policies in African countries after achieving independence was influenced by the need for promoting respect and development of cultural heritage. Education policies were directed towards the promotion of respect, fostering and developing the rich cultures which African countries have.For this reason, policy formulation as regards this situation was clearly addressed in the content of education which African countries were to provide to their people. The content of education was adapted to the culture of the people in any particular African country. In support of this assertion, Eshiwani (19 93), states that the commission which was assigned to review Kenya’s education system in 1963 recommended that Kenyan schools were to respect the cultural traditions of the people of the country, both as expressed in social institutions and relationships.Similarly, Damachi et al (1978), reports that education policies in African countries after attainment of independence were influenced by the need to enhance every aspect of human development which included the promotion of cultural heritage. Consequently, African countries were to state clearly their language of instruction in their education system both at lower and higher levels. This was done with the sole aim of promoting the preservation of cultural heritage and national unity.To this end the education policies which most African countries drafted after the attainment of independence were geared towards learners understanding of past and present cultural values and their valid place in contemporary society. Education fo r Self Reliance The education policies of African countries were influenced by the need for the curriculum offered to respond to the attainment of self reliance. Thus the recipients of such education were supposed to engage themselves in self employing activities.The curriculum of African countries emphasized practical subjects in order to ensure the acquisition of self reliance by learners. It was realised that the kind of education which was offered in some countries in Africa was too bookish and academic. The education system in most African countries separated manual work from learning. Thus theory was separated from practice. This situation further alienated young people from their societies. Therefore, education reforms in most African countries were inevitable so as reverse this trend.As Bishop (1989:116), reports â€Å"By the mid 1950s it was being argued once again that schooling should be reformed principally through curriculum reform to include more practical and vocatio nal studies’’ Similarly, Carmody (1994), reports that Zambia’s First National Development Plan pointed to the need for increasingly relating secondary education to the needs of the country by diversifying the secondary school syllabus into technical and commercial fields and giving a new place to agriculture. Therefore, it can be pointed out that education policies in African countries were supposed to address the concept of self reliance.Academic schooling was to be placed side by side with technical and vocational training in African countries. Improvement of Education Efficiency The education policies of most African countries after achieving independence were influenced by the need of improving the efficiency of the education systems. In education systems of African countries, it was felt that there was no correlation between inputs and out puts as well as between costs and returns. Education policies were centred on the need of making the systems of educati on to be more efficient.That is, the education systems were supposed to achieve their output at the lowest cost and also get the greatest return for a given cost. According to Bishop (1989), most education systems in African countries after achieving independence were inefficient, particularly at secondary and higher levels. The inputs such as expenditure per student or teacher training did not seem to have the effects on test scores which educators anticipated. Therefore, education policies were designed in a manner that would make the education systems in newly independent African countries to be more efficient.Additionally, education in many African countries was dysfunctional. It relied heavily on rote learning and led to an inappropriate reverence for paper qualifications. Furthermore, most curricular in African countries were irrelevant to pupils’ future lives and created an imbalance with many school leavers unemployed. Consequently, African countries formulated polici es which were aimed at addressing the challenges which were faced in education systems. Education as a means of fostering international consciousness Education policies in African countries were influenced by the need to foster international consciousness in learners.Education policies as complimented by the content of education provided to learners was supposed to ensure that positive attitudes towards other countries as well as the international community were upheld. This was emphasized because no country existed as an island. Each country depended on others for its prosperity. Therefore, it was essential that learners were provided with education that would instil international consciousness for the purpose of promoting cooperation among countries.CHAPTER THREE. 3.0 CONCLUSIONEducation policies in African countries after their achievement of independence were influenced by a number of factors. Some of the major factors which influenced education policies in African countries inc luded manpower shortages, recognition of education as a basic human right, consideration of education as a tool for development, modernisation, improving education efficiency, need for citizens’ political participation, and promotion of international consciousness among learners as well as self reliance.Changes in education policies were inevitable due to the fact that African countries experienced change in government. A change in government is associated with an ideological shift, thus aspects of the education system in a given country will be in a continual state of reformation. Hence, changes occurred in education aspects such as content, teaching methodologies, assessment and structure.

Sunday, January 5, 2020

The Man Who Was Almost A Man Analysis - 784 Words

There are many teenagers who at a young age dream to become adults because they see adults as people with power and people who are respected, while teenagers feel like no one respects them or takes their opinions seriously. These teenagers dream to become adults, but due to their lack of responsibility and thinking about their actions becoming adults becomes increasingly difficult and while reaching adulthood they struggle greatly. In â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† by Richard Wright the author presents the power and respect that many teenagers dream to achieve. Richard Wright does this by using equality and beatings to show some of the reasons why some teenagers become obsessed with the idea of power and respect. . To begin with, in â€Å"The†¦show more content†¦Dave mentions that â€Å"he remembered other beatings, and his back quivered† (Wright, 1941, p. 2249) . With this the author shows that Dave’s actions have constantly led him to receive beatings from his father, which shows why Dave wants to reach power and respect. Dave feels that with power no one will dare to beat him. The beatings that Dave received affected him so much that he feels that beatings are for little boys and that he shouldn’t have to be beaten by his father because Dave thinks that he is a man and not a boy. Dave feels that the gun gives him power, and that with the gun not even his father can beat him because Dave believes that with the gun he can shoot anyone he wants. This is very interesting as there have been and there are some people who think that if they have weapons they can use them against anyone they want and whenever they want. The beatings which Dave received by his father lead him to become obsessed with the idea of power and respect and with the gun he feels that he will be powerful and respected. Finally, today there are different views toward power and respect; there are those who reach power and respect with hard work and many years of dedication while there are others who feel that they can have power and respect by getting people to fear them. The fear of people was the power and respect that Dave was going to achieve with his idea of shooting anyone he wantedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Man Who Was Almost A Man1045 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Wright’s â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† presents us with a character (Dave Saunders) who, like most teens, is dealing with emotional issues associated with a hormonal adolescent. This seems like a problem that most teens deal with. However, readers wanting to properly analyze this work should take the era, or setting, in to consideration. In the story Dave works on someone else’s land and seem to also stay on that same property. 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